Showing posts with label Ceratops. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ceratops. Show all posts

Thursday, July 28, 2016

Importantly cute!


Cute and Precious


     I'm a sucker for cute things. A real over the top, squealing idiot when it comes to adorable animals, especially baby ones, and even MORE especially baby dinosaurs.
     I'm the type of sappy mess that "OOOs" and "SQUEEEs" at the cute things that strike me as particularly adorable, and will often slap my husband's arm repeatedly in excitement when I see a puppy.
     When I get the very rare and beautiful opportunity to see amazing baby dinosaur art, or the even more rare specimens, I'm a puddle of girly baby talk and scientific inquiries.
     Naturally, when Rebor started their baby dinosaur figurine collection, I was immediately demanding to own them all to anyone who would listen. These sweet little babies are detailed, small and have cute names like "hazelnut".
     THE BABY TRICERATOPS IS NAMED HAZELNUT, GUYS.



     LOOK AT HER FACE. LOOK AT IT.

     I don't expect you to believe me, but there's actually another reason why I think these cutey faces are so amazing to me, and that's their detail to scientific accuracy. Well, as close as you can be with the rarity of baby dinosaur specimens and keeping them cute and interesting enough to purchase.

     Understanding the growth pattern of dinosaurs is really fascinating. Did Triceratops hatch with horns? How big are baby t-rex? Did baby raptors have those killer claws? How fast did these guys grow? What features did they have to grow into?

     Baby dinosaur fossils are extremely rare, but they are treasures of understanding the growth development of dinosaurs. It is an unfortunate truth that the paleontology record of dinosaur species is riddled with controversies over whether or not certain species are their own actual stand along species, or just younger versions of others.

     Misclassifications do happen. It's the sad truth of any science.

     Jack Horner did a TED Talk on baby dinosaurs which is worth checking out. He talks about these crazy misclassifcations and the new discoveries of understanding and identifying baby and teenage dinosaurs. By cutting open fossilized bones, Dr. Horner's team is able to identify more juvenile bones by how "spongy" they are, meaning that the bone is still growing and is malleable.
     This is a great step for making strides in paleontology, but it does mean that some of our favorite species might not actually exist. 

     Sorry, Dracorex, you awesome nerdy dinosaur. 

     Dr. Horner is hilarious, and if you haven't had the pleasure of reading any of his books or hearing a lecture, I'd recommend it highly.



     I think I might start my collection with Hazelnut, because she's just too damn cute not to. I've recently vowed not to get anymore dinosaurs until I have a better place to put them, so I may have to hold off a little while before I add this cute little thing to my collection. 

     You can get these dinosaurs at everythingdinosaur.com, and are featured on Jurassic Collectibles on YouTube. I think all of the babies are like $10 plus shipping, which is really not bad at all. Rebor makes some good stuff.

     Also, please look at how cute Breeze is, sitting on his wittle butt. :3


  • Hazelnut




  • Melon



  • Stan


  • Breeze 


Monday, April 25, 2016

I write stories sometimes.

Today is my day off, and I thought it would be wells spent going through my Google Docs to clean out some old files. As per usual, I got extremely distracted reading some old stories I wrote over the past couple years and stumbled across a dinosaur short story I had totally forgotten about.
Since I have a dinosaur blog I thought...hey, what the hell, I'll share it!

Now, a couple things. I don't know if the ending is truly the real ending, because I did have something else in mind to tack on to it, which I might do later...one day. You know how it goes. But, it's cute, and I thought I'd share it for pure shiggles.

I was actually inspired to write this story after seeing a picture, which I'll post above the short story. It's mostly just a cute, fluffy piece, because I thought the picture was so damn cute.

Anyway, here you go. 



Shade of tall trees were welcome in the late afternoon heat. The old warrior had had her fill from the hadrosaur she had hunted down an hour prior, and a nap was a perfect way to let her food digest. She didn’t worry about much in her old age, having made it through the trials of climbing to the very top of the food chain. In the humid shade of the ancient maple tree, the tyrannosaur let herself shut her eyes and rest.
She spent her days alone now, having outlived her mate of many years, raising many children together in the parels of the wild. Being as big as she was, she didn’t mind being alone in her territory this time of year. The only thing she ever had to worry about was the spry males who would view her as a threat, since she was well past the age of wanting to hatch any more young. Every so often she had to fight them off, keep her area clean of other tyrannosaurs. This was her area, and hers alone, and she was too old and stubborn to put up with much riff-raff.
Her age had dulled her once glossy orange feathers that covered her shoulder blades to the base of her tail, the gleam dull but not completely lost. Black feathers colored her tail and snout except for white markings that ran down her eyes like stipped tears, dripping down under her chin. Unlike the much smaller raptor creatures who had long bird-like feathers on their arms, the warrior’s feathers were short and fuzzy, covering her whole body like down.
Food was hardly scarce for such a well travelled and sharp hunter, knowing the seasons and migration patterns of her food. It was mid summer, just past the hatching season for the triceratops and hadrosaurs in the area, which meant the creatures were on high alert and careful. The old warrior knew to tread carefully, and watch for mistakes. They always made mistakes.
The hot air buzzed with dragonflies and bees, the low murmur of the distant herds drifted through the wind along with the smells that were much more powerful. Her nose flared quietly as she rested, drinking it all in during a drowsy haze. Her old bones were very thankful for the rest, for the shade, for the peaceful afternoon breeze.
Clumsy footfalls awoke her from her nap, small, tiny, little bitty feet stepping on dirt under the tree where she hogged the shade. It was so small, the old tyrannosaur almost didn’t even hear it, almost didn’t smell it. Sharp yellow eyes opened to see the tiny intruder, a fresh triceratops hatchling, not even the size of a healthy bite, was plodding over to the once slumbering tyrant.
The old warrior watched this tiny creature lazily, it barely even worth noting because of how small it was and how full she was from the earlier meal. Its skull frill, normally the crown of the species glory, was small and dull. Unlike its parents, the tiny thing didn’t even have the horns that made them so dangerous, even to the old warrior who wasn’t afraid of much.
This tiny thing came and sat by the creature it should fear most above all other threats, one of its species mortal enemy and most hated foe. Clearly it was too young to have known better, such a fresh little hatchling that it was vulnerable to the naivety of wonderment. The old warrior didn’t mind or really care, the tiny creature almost as significant as the bees that buzzed past her.
So in the shade they stayed. The tiny crowned prince and the old warrior sitting in the cool oasis of the maple tree, napping on and off through the heat of the day. Hours stretched past, the air cooling slightly as the sun sank lower in the sky. It was time to eat again, though the meal didn’t have to be as big this time around. She would go for something small and easy this evening, perhaps an adolescent.
Getting to her feet, the massive two-legged hunter shook the sleep from her body, stretching tall and smelling the air. The herds would be making their way to the water soon, and she knew the perfect path for an ambush. Stepping from the shade, the tyrant’s slow, steady footsteps were echoed by much smaller, faster ones. The tiny prince was following, as best he can, with the giant female’s sprawling steps. Tiny little feet raced after her as she made her way towards the water where dinner was waiting.
Stealth was not something that tyrannosaurs are prone for, especially not at the size of a full grown, old adult. There was no way someone as big as she was could possibly have the element of surprise like a raptor could, she she had to be smarter than that. She knew her pray, knew how prone to chaos and panic they could be when faced with danger. Also how dangerous they could act in defense.
They always make mistakes.
A broad river ran through the area, the main source of fresh water for multiple herds of different creatures. Hadrosaurs and triceratops were the most common in her territory and the most numerous, with specks of smaller theropods of the herbivore variety. The giant horned and crested beasts lined the river edge drinking, ever cautious of the predators that lurked close by on land and submerged below. Even the warrior knew better than to ignore the deinosuchus that claimed the water as its kingdom.
Thick scents of the buffet that lined the river carried heavy in the warm air, and the old warrior made sure to stand down wind. She didn’t need her cover blown just yet. She needed to scope out the best targets, the best angle to cause the wave of terror that would bring her dinner crashing to the ground. The triceratops herd was more towards the mouth of the river, further away from the old tyrant's position, which was ideal in this case. The last thing she wanted was to face off against them for a snack.
Her goal tonight was the smaller orodromeus that dotted the river line, squeezing in between the other massive beasts. They were fast but she knew the surrounding brutes would trip the swift creature up in the confusion. The timing was almost right.
Plod, plod, plod, the little feet were catching up to the old warrior now. Its tiny little feet were not making much noise, not enough for any concern. She looked back and down, the small tag-along galloping around her feet in play. Up and over her big clawed toes, the baby prince pushed his blunt nub horns into her thick scaly feet, mocking how the adults ram and fight. Gently she moved her foot away, careful not to step on it like she had when her own young were that size. Old mother habits taking control of her movements for the moment.
The tiny body against her feet woke up memories of what seemed like a lifetime past, of old hatchlings now adults and long since gone from her. The old warrior had a purpose again, even if this wasn’t exactly the same, it still felt familiar. She had raised so many little ones that the pattern of motherhood came easily to the old tyrant. Now this little horned beast was her shadow and her company until it was safe for him to leave her side.
She knew the tiny thing wasn’t going to keep up with her during the attack, but she knew for the fact it was going to follow her into the fray. This was going to change the route, make it less likely he can catch up too quickly, get stomped in the chaos. Old motherly concern corrected the pathway, taking the little prince’s safety into consideration. Instead of rounding past the trees, she was going to have to go through them, which would cause much more noise but slow the tiny shadow down.
It was time to move.
Pushing through the tall, skinny trees, the massive beast crashed through the other side with a low, thundering roar. As expected, the herds were already in motion by the time she had cleared the forest, waves of fear filling the air in sound and scent. The ancient croc had taking advantage of this as well, leaping up from the water and snagging a grown hadrosaur by the face, dragging it screaming and kicking into the water. This sent the herd wildly in different directions, clearing the path for bull triceratops to plant their ground.
If she didn’t find a kill right away, the bulls or cows would charge and fight, the mewing of their new babies causing their parental instincts into full force. Swift, bouncing orodromeus whizzed by the lumbering creatures that screamed in panic. Their sleek, small frames were lightweight on their two feet, tails rigid for balance and long necks absorbing the shock to keep their vision straight and focused. The little herbivores were feathery and lithe, and a perfect mouthful for an evening snack.
Old tyrant stomped towards them, gazing over the mass hysteria for the weak and fallen, for the juveniles that didn’t know how to keep up, for the clumsy to trip. The noise of the stampede and roars of the frightened beasts filled the humid air like a symphony of madness, thundering through the ground and wind.
Just as expected, the swift little theropods were fast but not immune to errors, and one found itself on the underside of a rampaging hadrosaur that was much, much bigger than the little beast. With a scream of agony, the orodromeus rolled under the powerful hind legs of the stampeding creature, snapping one of its legs like a frail twig. The old warrior had its meal.
Snorts of angry ceratopsians blurted and huffed, the herd surrounding their precious little ones behind a wall of muscle and horns a couple yards away. They watched with heads bobbing in warning as the giant old warrior made its way to the fallen flailing therapod. The dark brown little orodromeus tried in vain to stand and run, tripping over its painfully broken leg and sliding across the ground. After a few good steps, the old tyrant was on it easily, chomping down on its little body, silencing the screams.
The old warrior made a point to take the now limp meal into its mouth, carrying it further away from the heated and angry wall of horns and frills. She didn’t need that trouble, just her snack and some peace. It took a while for the wall to move away, for the screams and scents of the herds to fade into the distance, leaving dust and lingering smells of panic in their wake. Deinonychus had finished its meal as well and was now basking in the fading sun, eyes shut and relaxing on the opposite side of the shore.
The old tyrant ate her snack in bites, not rushed, enjoying herself. The sounds of the little plods caught her attention as the little prince finally made it out to her. The screams and panic of the event had kept him further back, but now it was just them and he felt safe again...despite the half dismembered body of the orodromeus laying at the tyrannosaur’s feet.
Normally this would be the time that the old mother would share her food with her young, tearing off smaller chunks for it with her powerful jaws for them to devore. This little one had no interest in the wonderful snack she had secured for them, him instead wandering over to the low growing ferns by the water edge. The mother scanned the area, making sure the massive croc was still sunbathing, before letting the tiny thing munch away on the wide, fat leaves.
At least this little prince was easy to feed and knew what to eat, unlike her babies in the past. Her past sons and daughters munched on anything that moved, often chasing down things that were meant to be messed with. Though the little thing was very different than her own brood, all tiny things seemed more interested in play than eating, and proceeded to gallop around in joy as his new giant tyrant mother ate her food.
Nighttime in the cretaceous forest was loud with life. Chirping, croaking, singing and swooning echoed through the warm night. Normally the tyrannosaur would prowl through the night until she got hungry enough to eat again, but age had made her sleep more often than she had before. After most meals, the giant would find a good place to settle down for a good nap. That night the moon was full, hanging high and bright, spilling blue light over the breathing forest. She lowered herself down to the ground, her hind legs close to her body while her small arms tucked up under her massive chest.
A contestant ball of energy, the tiny little prince mewed and bounced around, being careful not to stray too far from his new protector. He pushed his head into her feather side and chest, practicing his skills of combat for the future. He was rather terrible at it. His greatest foe at the moment was gravity and his own feet.
She didn’t mind it, his head butts into her body barely felt and not enough to break her from her napping. Every so often she would open her eyes and check on him, or push him a little with her nose, to give him a sense he was putting up a good fight.
After some time, his energy wore out, and she found him curled up against her chest under her chin, and she decided to sleep a little longer tonight.

Wednesday, March 30, 2016

Things I simply *must* have.

They will be Mine. Oh yes...


I have a very real problem of falling down the rabbit hole of dinosaur themed shopping. It always starts so innocent...a seemingly harmless visit to a paleontology Facebook page or stopping in to visit r/dinosaurs on Reddit. I see something mildly interesting so I click....then follow that link...then another...and another...
Then suddenly I have an entire catalog of shit I must have in my life.

I decided the best way to cope with the fact that I have a crazy obsession with dinosaur themed anything, is to share and possibly infect others with this adorable virus. 
Since my list is very long, I've picked out some of my top favorites to share. It goes without saying that literally any Papo or Shielch dinosaur toy that's out there must be mine, so I'll skip posting a long list of all those that exist.
Instead, this is the more fun or truly amazing items I've come across during my late night Etsy and collector site binge-fests.

Sorry in advance for the expensive crap you're about to want. 

PS: I've saved the best one for last.

The List


1.) Inflatable T-rex costume ---- $100



How is this not the best one, you ask? Because this one is something that will eventually be mine in the future. I have a goal of owning this wondrous creation in 2016, either for A-Kon or for Halloween.
These awesome suits have become something of an Internet sensation, and I have yet to get sick of seeing them. People don these amazing costumes and do the most insane things, from ice skating, to pole dancing to competing in American Ninja Warrior. 
They're so incredibly doofy and cute that it's hard not to just adore the hell out of them. 

Plus, not only are they license from Jurassic World, they're WAY cheaper than the realistic Walking with Dinosaur style suits that cost well into the thousands.

It's the best of both worlds: silly and you get to be a dinosaur. This is kind of a life goal of mine, and what I've wanted to grow up as since I was five.



2.) DinoStoreus Skulls, Skeletons and Full Flesh Models ---- $44 - $350



I wanted to start with the basics: awesome collectible statues. I think these are something every dinosaur fan would want/need, and they are as pretty as they are reasonable in price. 

You've got a couple options when it comes to these guys: skull, full skeleton and fully fleshed models. They're perfect desk pieces and I've seen these in paleontologists offices. Honestly, I was trying to pick my favorites, but I'd really love any of these pieces. They're all SO cool.


3.)  Regaliceratops bust from BlueDino ---- $179



I think I've gushed about my love for this Ceratopsian in the past, but it's worth mentioning again how freaking cool it looks.
This bust is really gorgeous. It's hand sculpted and painted by the artist, and I would kill a man to have it in my grubby hands. It does have the option to come unpainted for a little cheaper, but I'm pretty sure I'd botch any type of paint job. I have zero skill in that department. It'd end up looking like a toddler scribbled on  very nice piece of art and I'd probably have to kill myself.

I'm a pro at pining for stunning works of art though. 

I love how detailed it is, especially the frill, and how he kept the red theme from Julius Csotonyi's painting. Simply amazing.

4.) Trilobite Plushie from PaleoGirl Crafts ---- $43



HOW ADORABLE IS THIS GUY??

I cannot get over how fluffy and sweet his little face is. Yes, ok...this isn't a dinosaur but good lord do I love Trilobites. 
As soon as this brilliant woman is taking commissions again, we're having a conversation about a Tiktaalic....

5.) These ridiculous as fuck dinosaur heels  ---- $260



Because I'm a lady with refined taste and class.
Plus, those are totally the same T-rex toys I have and their jaws open and close. That's just fancy.

6.) Custom Baby Raptor Sculpture ---- $70



This is so beyond cute. Not only can this sweet little dude look however you want, but he is all curled up like he's fresh from his egg. I want to snuggle him! 

It's always cool to see dinosaurs in different poses besides roaring, fighting or charging. Don't get me wrong, those are all awesome, but I do love seeing babies and sleeping dinosaurs too.
It makes them feel like real animals, which they were, and not mythical monster-beasts.

Either way, this guy is fantastic and I need an orange one in my life one day.

Side note, I wish they had feathers. :C

7.) Baby Raptor Blind Box by Rebor -- ~$5 for one or ~$40 for the full set



Two baby raptor things!? So neat, right?!

I don't think these guys are available stateside. The only place I could find them is at everythingdinosaur.com, and everything is in Euros. 
They're cute as hell little blind boxes that come in different colors. I really adore all of them and per Rebor style, always pretty and well detailed. I really hope they come across the pond and pop up at something local.

Looking at you, GameStop and ThinkGeek. Don't fail me.

8.)  Dimorphodon Judy and Punch by Rebor ---- ~$45



Yet another amazing find and correct...they're also not dinosaurs.

I KNOW, CALM DOWN.

But c'mon...these come as a pair and they have names. I love them so much, and I love that Judy is in flight while Punch looks up lovingly at her. I'm not usually big on the flying reptiles -- I mean, I do think they're really neat, but they've never been my top favorites. These little dudes are just too cool and they'd look so good in the collection.
I guess I should give pterosaurs more love.

I think most people will recognize those pterosaurs from Jurassic World as the "trex head flying dinosaur hybrid", to which I say, get the fuck off my blog you filthy peasant they're actually real animals and not hybrid.

I had a conversation with a coworker a couple months ago involving this creature, and it amazed me that he thought they were one of the genetic experiments. In looking up the information about it, because I'm not as well depth in pterosaurs, Dimorphodons are commonly searched for as "the trex flying dino from Jurassic World". 
To be fair, I only knew about them because I watch a lot of dinosaur documentaries and I remembered them from one of of the many that were on Netflix (grumble, grumble), so I'm not acting like I'm so snooty jerk.
Well...I kinda am. More people should watch dinosaur stuff, damnit!!

9.) Feathered T-rex toy from Collecta --- $25 (though I've seen it go for like $70)



That's right! Finally a feathered T-rex!! 

This toy just came out and my god I want it. You don't see not naked T-rex toys ever, so when this one hit the market, it started to sell out right away. 
I love the color pallet of this dinosaur and the feathers looks so cool. I'm glad to see model companies starting to embrace scientifically accurate dinosaurs these days. 

It warms my heart. 


10.) New Papo dinosaurs: Baryonyx and feathered Velociraptor ---- ~$26/each




MOAR FEATHERS!!

I just recently learned abut Baryonyx, and this dinosaur is so strangely cool looking that he's slowly becoming a new favorite. I'm also just tickled as hell about the raptor having feathers, because I'm yet again being a snobby asshole about things.

I really like the Papo line and I think they're going to stay at the top of my list. All of their toys are so incredibly detailed and often in the coolest poses. Very lifelike in the smallest details, and they pick the coolest dinosaurs to make toys out of. 
I only have the one Papo toy, my beloved Dimetrodon, and I always loved how his skin folds a little where his body is turning. 

It's the little thing that makes this toy company so damn good. That and they're fairly cheap and stateside, which is nice. 

Side note, the raptor isn't out yet, but the Baryonyx is. 


11.) Dinosaur Hair Clips from ThinkGeek --- $15



Because, again, I'm a lady with sophisticated class and taste. 

Cute, colorful, and sticking with the classics. You can't go wrong!
Plus, they'll go great with those freaking heels and the next item too.

12.) Double sided velociraptor necklace --- $22



Cause....cause orange and skeleton. :3

13.) T-rex shower head --- $20



Nothing says shower time quite like a roaring dinosaur skull vomiting steaming hot water at your face.
You can pick the color you want, which means it'll fit any theme for your bathroom and guys let's face it...can you really go back to your normal, not T-rex shower head now that you know this exists?

No. No you can't.


And the grand finale: 



14.) Raptor Body Pillow --- $50




Your wifu got nothing on my raptor. 

I need this guy to live next to my Souji Okita and I need to snuggle with it SO BAD. This is just too ridiculous not to have. I love that he's on the bed sheet background, I love that he's smiling, I love that he has feathers.

I just. Plain. Love it.

- M


Thursday, January 7, 2016

Ceratopsians: my week long research and my life long love

Ceratopsians




I spent all day curled up in my recliner reading and browsing through websites, learning whatever I could. Since I was sick today, I was chair bound and not really going to get much housework done anyway. I figured the best way to spend a sick day is to learn about something amazing.
I don’t know why I suddenly became overcome with wanting to research into this group of dinosaurs, but the journey has been pretty damn entertaining. To be honest, I only knew very basic information about this species when I started, probably about the same as any dinosaur fan when they first get into a species they really like. I knew and adored the common rock stars, Triceratops, Styracosaurus and Torosaurus, but didn’t know a lot of the scientific details about them.
I wanted to know about the classification process, what they knew about the uniquely ceratopsian features of horns and frills, and what they knew so far about the evolutionary process for these animals. I was really amazed to find out the extent in which is known about these creatures, and what is still being heavily debated.

These animals have been one of my favorites since I was a little kid, so getting to dive off into the deep end of the research pool was a blast. I feel like I've had a chance to revisit an old friend as a grown up and have a whole new appreciation for these amazing dinosaurs. I've learned so much, so I hope I get a chance to share with you something you may not have known before.


Off on a side note, I will say that reading through scientific literature has made me realize how much I’ve slipped in my education. I guess spending several years away from universities and being immersed in academic studies has made my brain a little mushy.
I could tell you all about the last episode of Adventure Time I watched, but was stumped when it came to what which order “clade” fit in the classification order. Since I was having such a hard time with some of these terms, or had to have a refresher on some of them, I decided to put in a vocabulary section to help incase any of you were in the same boat as me. If not, don’t tell me, just humor me by smiling and nodding, please.
I will also admit that I used two books for this research but a lot of quick references through the internet. The bulk of what I looked into I read from the books I had at my disposal, but for general questions I used Wikipedia, which I know isn’t always the best. I tried to use information from universities if they were available, but honestly Wiki is the best for when you get stumped on what a species is called or something simple like that.






  • Terms/Vocabulary -- I learned a bunch of new terms and words I had never heard before while diving into some of the more scientifically heavy reading.
    • Monophyletic: In common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a taxon (group of organisms) which forms a clade, meaning that it consists of an ancestral species and all its descendants.
    • Marginocephalia: a clade, or group, with thick skulls made up of Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosauria.
    • Jugles: term used for dinosaurs, birds, crocodiles and lizards for their cheekbones.
    • Epoccipitas: spikes along the frill.
    • Sexual Dimorphism: The physical differences in species based on their sex. i.e. color, size and shape.

  • What makes a dinosaur a “Ceratopsian” dinosaur?



Ceratopsian dinosaurs are herbivorous, quadrupedal animals (walked on four legs) with large face horns and large cranial frills coming from the back of the skull. These guys are known as “thick skulled” or Marginocephalia, which is actually the same classification as the Pachycephalosaurus, or the dudes with the dome head who people usually imagine slamming their heads into each other like bulls. I don’t honestly know if they actually do that, so I’ll have to do some research on that topic. I want to say the last thing I had read was that this behavior is still widely debated.
Back to the horn-faces.
Each species looks a little different in either the shape of their frill or horns, but all of them have those defining characteristics along with a beak and “exaggerated jugles”, or weird looking cheekbones. They most likely had rough, pebble skin without feathers or hair and wide feet with digits and padding. We know about their skin because of fossilized skin impressions that show how their what the skin’s texture was.
When I looked into how fast they could move, the most common answer I could find was they were faster an an elephant for sure, and probably about the same as a rhino. Rhinos, fun fact, run about 35MPH, so that’s pretty nightmarish.


Diabloceratops saying "Eeey"
Art by Ramon Garcia
So, why a beak?
Other than the horns and frills, the Ceratopsians having a beak is also pretty unique, but not entirely exclusive. According to what I read in The Dinosauria, these beaky horn-faces had a pretty impressive dental battery and a powerful bite force, which means they could much down on really anything they could find. With them being such large animals, finding enough food to sustain them must have been tough, so adapting to be able to get nutrients from anything they could is a great advantage.
The beak was most likely used to grab strongly onto plants and break them loose to eat, which makes sense since a lot of ancient plants were thick and tough.




  • Ceratopsians are broken down into groups:


  • Two Groups
    • Centrosaurinae: no brow horns but one big nose horn and long or exaggerated frill spikes or “epoccipitas”. Examples: Centrosaurus, Styracosaurus. This group is further split into another subfamily called pachyrhinosaurini, which has the weird turkey head looking horned dinosaurs.
    • Chasmosaurinae: brow horns, nose horn and sometimes long, skinny frills. Examples: Triceratops, Chamosaurus. Regaliceratops.

In each group, their defining characteristics are the shape of their frills and what kind of horns they have. The horns functionality is pretty obvious, but the purpose of their frill is really waht interested me. What is that for, exactly? And why do they look so different between species?


The reason and functionality of frills is actually still widely debated. I remember when I was a kid, I read that the frills were used to protect the neck of the animals from large theropods that are always a threat. The frills would act like a knight’s shield to block the incoming death from above as the massive jaws tried to grab onto their necks.
This doesn’t seem to be the theory so much anymore, as the recent studies of the frills show that they actually weren’t very strong and filled with lots of blood vessels. Having a pair of massive jaws clamp down on the frill would most likely break the bones and cause massive bleeding.
The more accepted theory nowadays is that the frill was probably used to warn off predators or attract mates, or both. Since the frill did have so many blood vessels in it, it most likely was able to flush with blood to display colors for these purposes. Both males and females had frills and horns, so I think it’s pretty reasonable to think that their frills had many purposes in displaying intimidation and signaling to each other.



  • Sexual Dimorphism



The reason I brought up the term “sexual dimorphism” in the vocabulary, is because a big reason for the disagreement in species is over this. Every species has differences between the sexes biologically, thus making males and females look different. Sometimes this is very obvious: in deers only males have antlers, or how in certain birds the males are brightly colored, whereas in other species the differences are more subtle. The tricky thing with dinosaurs is, well, they’re aren’t any around to study while alive. Going off of just the skeleton is tough, because we don’t know which ones were male and female right away.
I dug into how paleontologists could tell the difference between sexes in dinosaurs and ended up finding a paper about it. It covers a broad range of dinosaurs, but I locked in on the clues used for specifically Ceratopsians. I got lucky in this case, because apparently the sexual dimorphism examples in this species is widely accepted, were as the ground is still pretty shaky in a lot of other species. The reason for that is because there have been so many different specimens of Ceratopsians found.
It seems that the horn morphology is what’s going to be key in figuring out if a Ceratopsian is a male or female, at least in the case with Chasmosaurine Ceratopsians, with male horns pointing up more, were females horns face more forward.
For Centrosaurine clade, the frill shape is going to be what determines more of the sex since they don’t have the brow horns. This is a bit trickier because the frill changes shape as the animal grows into adulthood. This classification seems to be still debated, because it is hard to tell the difference between smaller species of Centrosaurine and ones of the same species who just haven’t hit puberty yet.  


Ethser Van Hulsen



I had meant to get this post out much earlier, but I wanted to make sure the research I started was all fully sited and made sense. I guess I accidently fell off a science ledge on this one, because I kept coming up with more questions that needed more digging.
I hope I covered all the ground that there could possibly be about basic knowledge for Ceratopsian dinosaurs, without writing a book about them. This was a lot of fun and I enjoyed myself, so I hope it’s fun to take the journey with me as well. I think I’ll do this again with another species, maybe try Saurpods next time around. That’s another species I really adore and don’t really know a ton about.


Just in case you wanted to hear more about specific species of Ceratopsians, there’s a great podcast I listen to called I Know Dino that has “dinosaurs of the day” on each episode. Here’s a list with links to the podcasts with Ceratopsians as their stars of the show:






Triceracops from Kung Fury...cause why not?









Sources:


Chapman, Ralph David Weishample, Gene Hunt, and Diego Rasskin-Gutman Sexual Dimorphism in Dinosaurs Natural Museum of Natural History, 1997


Weishampel, David, Peter Doddson, and Haszaka Osmolska Dinosauria: Second Edition. University of California press, 2004.


Prim, Keiron Dinosaurs -- The Grand Tour: Everything Worth Knowing About Dinosaurs from Aardonyx to Zuniceratops Workman Publishing Co, 2013