Monday, April 25, 2016

I write stories sometimes.

Today is my day off, and I thought it would be wells spent going through my Google Docs to clean out some old files. As per usual, I got extremely distracted reading some old stories I wrote over the past couple years and stumbled across a dinosaur short story I had totally forgotten about.
Since I have a dinosaur blog I thought...hey, what the hell, I'll share it!

Now, a couple things. I don't know if the ending is truly the real ending, because I did have something else in mind to tack on to it, which I might do later...one day. You know how it goes. But, it's cute, and I thought I'd share it for pure shiggles.

I was actually inspired to write this story after seeing a picture, which I'll post above the short story. It's mostly just a cute, fluffy piece, because I thought the picture was so damn cute.

Anyway, here you go. 



Shade of tall trees were welcome in the late afternoon heat. The old warrior had had her fill from the hadrosaur she had hunted down an hour prior, and a nap was a perfect way to let her food digest. She didn’t worry about much in her old age, having made it through the trials of climbing to the very top of the food chain. In the humid shade of the ancient maple tree, the tyrannosaur let herself shut her eyes and rest.
She spent her days alone now, having outlived her mate of many years, raising many children together in the parels of the wild. Being as big as she was, she didn’t mind being alone in her territory this time of year. The only thing she ever had to worry about was the spry males who would view her as a threat, since she was well past the age of wanting to hatch any more young. Every so often she had to fight them off, keep her area clean of other tyrannosaurs. This was her area, and hers alone, and she was too old and stubborn to put up with much riff-raff.
Her age had dulled her once glossy orange feathers that covered her shoulder blades to the base of her tail, the gleam dull but not completely lost. Black feathers colored her tail and snout except for white markings that ran down her eyes like stipped tears, dripping down under her chin. Unlike the much smaller raptor creatures who had long bird-like feathers on their arms, the warrior’s feathers were short and fuzzy, covering her whole body like down.
Food was hardly scarce for such a well travelled and sharp hunter, knowing the seasons and migration patterns of her food. It was mid summer, just past the hatching season for the triceratops and hadrosaurs in the area, which meant the creatures were on high alert and careful. The old warrior knew to tread carefully, and watch for mistakes. They always made mistakes.
The hot air buzzed with dragonflies and bees, the low murmur of the distant herds drifted through the wind along with the smells that were much more powerful. Her nose flared quietly as she rested, drinking it all in during a drowsy haze. Her old bones were very thankful for the rest, for the shade, for the peaceful afternoon breeze.
Clumsy footfalls awoke her from her nap, small, tiny, little bitty feet stepping on dirt under the tree where she hogged the shade. It was so small, the old tyrannosaur almost didn’t even hear it, almost didn’t smell it. Sharp yellow eyes opened to see the tiny intruder, a fresh triceratops hatchling, not even the size of a healthy bite, was plodding over to the once slumbering tyrant.
The old warrior watched this tiny creature lazily, it barely even worth noting because of how small it was and how full she was from the earlier meal. Its skull frill, normally the crown of the species glory, was small and dull. Unlike its parents, the tiny thing didn’t even have the horns that made them so dangerous, even to the old warrior who wasn’t afraid of much.
This tiny thing came and sat by the creature it should fear most above all other threats, one of its species mortal enemy and most hated foe. Clearly it was too young to have known better, such a fresh little hatchling that it was vulnerable to the naivety of wonderment. The old warrior didn’t mind or really care, the tiny creature almost as significant as the bees that buzzed past her.
So in the shade they stayed. The tiny crowned prince and the old warrior sitting in the cool oasis of the maple tree, napping on and off through the heat of the day. Hours stretched past, the air cooling slightly as the sun sank lower in the sky. It was time to eat again, though the meal didn’t have to be as big this time around. She would go for something small and easy this evening, perhaps an adolescent.
Getting to her feet, the massive two-legged hunter shook the sleep from her body, stretching tall and smelling the air. The herds would be making their way to the water soon, and she knew the perfect path for an ambush. Stepping from the shade, the tyrant’s slow, steady footsteps were echoed by much smaller, faster ones. The tiny prince was following, as best he can, with the giant female’s sprawling steps. Tiny little feet raced after her as she made her way towards the water where dinner was waiting.
Stealth was not something that tyrannosaurs are prone for, especially not at the size of a full grown, old adult. There was no way someone as big as she was could possibly have the element of surprise like a raptor could, she she had to be smarter than that. She knew her pray, knew how prone to chaos and panic they could be when faced with danger. Also how dangerous they could act in defense.
They always make mistakes.
A broad river ran through the area, the main source of fresh water for multiple herds of different creatures. Hadrosaurs and triceratops were the most common in her territory and the most numerous, with specks of smaller theropods of the herbivore variety. The giant horned and crested beasts lined the river edge drinking, ever cautious of the predators that lurked close by on land and submerged below. Even the warrior knew better than to ignore the deinosuchus that claimed the water as its kingdom.
Thick scents of the buffet that lined the river carried heavy in the warm air, and the old warrior made sure to stand down wind. She didn’t need her cover blown just yet. She needed to scope out the best targets, the best angle to cause the wave of terror that would bring her dinner crashing to the ground. The triceratops herd was more towards the mouth of the river, further away from the old tyrant's position, which was ideal in this case. The last thing she wanted was to face off against them for a snack.
Her goal tonight was the smaller orodromeus that dotted the river line, squeezing in between the other massive beasts. They were fast but she knew the surrounding brutes would trip the swift creature up in the confusion. The timing was almost right.
Plod, plod, plod, the little feet were catching up to the old warrior now. Its tiny little feet were not making much noise, not enough for any concern. She looked back and down, the small tag-along galloping around her feet in play. Up and over her big clawed toes, the baby prince pushed his blunt nub horns into her thick scaly feet, mocking how the adults ram and fight. Gently she moved her foot away, careful not to step on it like she had when her own young were that size. Old mother habits taking control of her movements for the moment.
The tiny body against her feet woke up memories of what seemed like a lifetime past, of old hatchlings now adults and long since gone from her. The old warrior had a purpose again, even if this wasn’t exactly the same, it still felt familiar. She had raised so many little ones that the pattern of motherhood came easily to the old tyrant. Now this little horned beast was her shadow and her company until it was safe for him to leave her side.
She knew the tiny thing wasn’t going to keep up with her during the attack, but she knew for the fact it was going to follow her into the fray. This was going to change the route, make it less likely he can catch up too quickly, get stomped in the chaos. Old motherly concern corrected the pathway, taking the little prince’s safety into consideration. Instead of rounding past the trees, she was going to have to go through them, which would cause much more noise but slow the tiny shadow down.
It was time to move.
Pushing through the tall, skinny trees, the massive beast crashed through the other side with a low, thundering roar. As expected, the herds were already in motion by the time she had cleared the forest, waves of fear filling the air in sound and scent. The ancient croc had taking advantage of this as well, leaping up from the water and snagging a grown hadrosaur by the face, dragging it screaming and kicking into the water. This sent the herd wildly in different directions, clearing the path for bull triceratops to plant their ground.
If she didn’t find a kill right away, the bulls or cows would charge and fight, the mewing of their new babies causing their parental instincts into full force. Swift, bouncing orodromeus whizzed by the lumbering creatures that screamed in panic. Their sleek, small frames were lightweight on their two feet, tails rigid for balance and long necks absorbing the shock to keep their vision straight and focused. The little herbivores were feathery and lithe, and a perfect mouthful for an evening snack.
Old tyrant stomped towards them, gazing over the mass hysteria for the weak and fallen, for the juveniles that didn’t know how to keep up, for the clumsy to trip. The noise of the stampede and roars of the frightened beasts filled the humid air like a symphony of madness, thundering through the ground and wind.
Just as expected, the swift little theropods were fast but not immune to errors, and one found itself on the underside of a rampaging hadrosaur that was much, much bigger than the little beast. With a scream of agony, the orodromeus rolled under the powerful hind legs of the stampeding creature, snapping one of its legs like a frail twig. The old warrior had its meal.
Snorts of angry ceratopsians blurted and huffed, the herd surrounding their precious little ones behind a wall of muscle and horns a couple yards away. They watched with heads bobbing in warning as the giant old warrior made its way to the fallen flailing therapod. The dark brown little orodromeus tried in vain to stand and run, tripping over its painfully broken leg and sliding across the ground. After a few good steps, the old tyrant was on it easily, chomping down on its little body, silencing the screams.
The old warrior made a point to take the now limp meal into its mouth, carrying it further away from the heated and angry wall of horns and frills. She didn’t need that trouble, just her snack and some peace. It took a while for the wall to move away, for the screams and scents of the herds to fade into the distance, leaving dust and lingering smells of panic in their wake. Deinonychus had finished its meal as well and was now basking in the fading sun, eyes shut and relaxing on the opposite side of the shore.
The old tyrant ate her snack in bites, not rushed, enjoying herself. The sounds of the little plods caught her attention as the little prince finally made it out to her. The screams and panic of the event had kept him further back, but now it was just them and he felt safe again...despite the half dismembered body of the orodromeus laying at the tyrannosaur’s feet.
Normally this would be the time that the old mother would share her food with her young, tearing off smaller chunks for it with her powerful jaws for them to devore. This little one had no interest in the wonderful snack she had secured for them, him instead wandering over to the low growing ferns by the water edge. The mother scanned the area, making sure the massive croc was still sunbathing, before letting the tiny thing munch away on the wide, fat leaves.
At least this little prince was easy to feed and knew what to eat, unlike her babies in the past. Her past sons and daughters munched on anything that moved, often chasing down things that were meant to be messed with. Though the little thing was very different than her own brood, all tiny things seemed more interested in play than eating, and proceeded to gallop around in joy as his new giant tyrant mother ate her food.
Nighttime in the cretaceous forest was loud with life. Chirping, croaking, singing and swooning echoed through the warm night. Normally the tyrannosaur would prowl through the night until she got hungry enough to eat again, but age had made her sleep more often than she had before. After most meals, the giant would find a good place to settle down for a good nap. That night the moon was full, hanging high and bright, spilling blue light over the breathing forest. She lowered herself down to the ground, her hind legs close to her body while her small arms tucked up under her massive chest.
A contestant ball of energy, the tiny little prince mewed and bounced around, being careful not to stray too far from his new protector. He pushed his head into her feather side and chest, practicing his skills of combat for the future. He was rather terrible at it. His greatest foe at the moment was gravity and his own feet.
She didn’t mind it, his head butts into her body barely felt and not enough to break her from her napping. Every so often she would open her eyes and check on him, or push him a little with her nose, to give him a sense he was putting up a good fight.
After some time, his energy wore out, and she found him curled up against her chest under her chin, and she decided to sleep a little longer tonight.

Wednesday, April 20, 2016

Dinosaur Decline and my beef with media outlets




Were dinosaurs already having a hard time before the asteroid hit during the Late Cretaceous?

I was linked an article this morning by a friend of mine from I Fucking Love Science, or IFLS for short, talking about the recent findings of dinosaur's population decrease before the asteroid impact. The research they're referencing, was published to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Manabu Sakamoto and others, and talks about their research into tracking the decline of four major species groups before the k-2 extinction event: Sauropods, Theropods, Hardosaurs and Ceratopcians.

I remember hearing that the population of dinosaurs was in a decline before the asteroid before, but to be honest I wasn't up to speed on the latest research when this was linked to me this morning. I remember reading The Dinosaur Heresies by Dr. Bakker when I was a kid, and he had brought up this theory of dinosaur's population slipping because of mass sickness.
Even as a kid that theory seemed a little too much, and to be very fair there has been newer findings after he had published that book.

Since I was in the dark about the newest research around this topic, I set off to do some digging in science papers.
Why would I go digging through science papers if IFLS already told me the "in-a-nutshell" summery of the findings?

IFLS aside, most online media sources are bullshit and garbage, who over sensationalize the facts for more clicks, especially when it comes to science.

More on that later. Let's get to the meat of the research, shall we?

  • Population Decline within Niche Groups:


Summery from published research:
Whether dinosaurs were in decline before their final extinction 66 Mya has been debated for decades with no clear resolution. This dispute has not been resolved because of inappropriate data and methods. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we apply a statistical approach that models changes in speciation and extinction through time. We find overwhelming support for a long-term decline across all dinosaurs and within all three major dinosaur groups. Our results highlight that dinosaurs showed a marked reduction in their ability to replace extinct species with new ones, making them vulnerable to extinction and unable to respond quickly to and recover from the final catastrophic event 66 Mya.

If you want to read the actual article published by the research team, it is actually 100% free and available here.

I love that this paper wasn't behind a paywall, because I could see what the actual research team published. This is an actual science paper, so it is complicated and dry, but the info is all there which is fantastic.
Like I stated before IFLS did a good bare-bones article about it that is simple to read, as did phys.org.

The research team tracked four species through the Mesozoic using the "Bayesian Phylogenic approach" to study their evolution and speciation decline.

I know what you're asking...whaaat the hell is Bayesian Phylogenic approach? I know I asked that too, and I had to Google it.
According to wikipedia (yeah, I know, not the most reliable source but whatever):
Bayesian inference of phylogeny uses a likelihood function to create a quantity called the posterior probability of trees using a model of evolution, based on some prior probabilities, producing the most likely phylogenetic tree for the given data. The Bayesian approach has become popular due to advances in computing speeds and the integration of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. Bayesian inference has a number of applications in molecular phylogenetics and systematics.

So, basically it's an algorithm to determain evolution and speciation trees, which is really cool.

The researchers used this model to plug in the data of these groups into the Bayesian trees and were able to tract the decline in evolution among the species. Basically, the niches they filled didn't leave a lot of room for change, so species were starting to die off without new ones filling in the gaps. From what I understand of the data, they piqued and started to slow down in evolution and diversifying.
This seems to be happening across the board, which all the major groups starting to fall before the mass extinction event that pushed them over the edge.

I guess when you evolve to be these giant beasts that are beyond the scale of anything else that has ever lived on the planet, you certainly can't get any bigger and evolution doesn't work backwards. Eventually you'll get too big and start to run into snags in getting food and diversifying, especially when the planet was a hostile mess during that time. I mean of course the tons of volcanic activity and shifting plates during that time which would have made planet Earth a bit nasty.

Poor guys were having a hard time as it was, then a giant rock came down and made everything a lot worse. With the species already rocky in diversifying, they certainly couldn't make it through a huge event that leveled the playing field for the smaller animals. Those that had grown into those giant niches didn't have a strong leg to stand on and weren't going to last long as giant behemoths as it was.

  • Why I had to Dig:


I don't know if anyone remembers the article that was floating around on the internet a couple months back about the pregnant t-rex that was found recently. This was an amazing find because of the correlation between the female t-rex bones and that of a pregnant bird, which helps shine some light in more of the t-rex's breeding habits and helps with sexing the bones found.
Instead of publishing this information, many sites ran with ridiculous headlines like "Dino DNA found in Pregant T-Rex!", which was never, ever stated by the research team.
The publishers of the article ran with one quote from one of the researchers, Lindsey Zanno, when they asked her if there could be DNA in the bones:
"Yes it is possible....but this remains to be tested further."

This had nothing to do with the true excitement of the findings, and instead the media ran through the streets with sparklers screaming bullshit to get more people to click on the page. I guess if they headlined it as "new data found to help properly sex dinosaur bones" only people who wanted to know about proper paleontology techniques and those who want to see bones doing it would have clicked.

I'm a very skeptical person as it is, and I rarely take anything at face value when it comes to anything on the internet, but having to do that much digging to make sure what was being said on online news outlets wasn't full of crap is tiring. We were lucky their findings wasn't behind a paywall, or having to pay to get access to the article, like so many science papers are. It leaves us to the whim of the media outlets, which typically don't have our best interests in mind. They don't want to present the facts purely, they want to make us excited and get views.

It's sad and gross.

Like I stated before, this isn't all news outlets and there are plenty who do a great job outlining what's going on. The unfortunate truth is that most of the general public doesn't go to PLOs One or Phys.org...they go to Huffington post, The Guardian, CNN and so on, who aren't science news sources. They take the information and boil it down to what sells and pepper in some data.
We have a very real problem with science illiteracy in this country, and it boils my blood to see it spreading by lazy or sensationalized reporting.

  • TL;DR


Certain dinosaur species weren't evolving fast enough to keep up with niche die-offs and speciation had slowed down.
You can read the published paper here.
Don't believe everything you read on the internet, do your own research. In this case it wasn't so bad, but it has been in the past.

Yay dinosaurs!

Thanks, guys.

-M


Wednesday, March 30, 2016

Things I simply *must* have.

They will be Mine. Oh yes...


I have a very real problem of falling down the rabbit hole of dinosaur themed shopping. It always starts so innocent...a seemingly harmless visit to a paleontology Facebook page or stopping in to visit r/dinosaurs on Reddit. I see something mildly interesting so I click....then follow that link...then another...and another...
Then suddenly I have an entire catalog of shit I must have in my life.

I decided the best way to cope with the fact that I have a crazy obsession with dinosaur themed anything, is to share and possibly infect others with this adorable virus. 
Since my list is very long, I've picked out some of my top favorites to share. It goes without saying that literally any Papo or Shielch dinosaur toy that's out there must be mine, so I'll skip posting a long list of all those that exist.
Instead, this is the more fun or truly amazing items I've come across during my late night Etsy and collector site binge-fests.

Sorry in advance for the expensive crap you're about to want. 

PS: I've saved the best one for last.

The List


1.) Inflatable T-rex costume ---- $100



How is this not the best one, you ask? Because this one is something that will eventually be mine in the future. I have a goal of owning this wondrous creation in 2016, either for A-Kon or for Halloween.
These awesome suits have become something of an Internet sensation, and I have yet to get sick of seeing them. People don these amazing costumes and do the most insane things, from ice skating, to pole dancing to competing in American Ninja Warrior. 
They're so incredibly doofy and cute that it's hard not to just adore the hell out of them. 

Plus, not only are they license from Jurassic World, they're WAY cheaper than the realistic Walking with Dinosaur style suits that cost well into the thousands.

It's the best of both worlds: silly and you get to be a dinosaur. This is kind of a life goal of mine, and what I've wanted to grow up as since I was five.



2.) DinoStoreus Skulls, Skeletons and Full Flesh Models ---- $44 - $350



I wanted to start with the basics: awesome collectible statues. I think these are something every dinosaur fan would want/need, and they are as pretty as they are reasonable in price. 

You've got a couple options when it comes to these guys: skull, full skeleton and fully fleshed models. They're perfect desk pieces and I've seen these in paleontologists offices. Honestly, I was trying to pick my favorites, but I'd really love any of these pieces. They're all SO cool.


3.)  Regaliceratops bust from BlueDino ---- $179



I think I've gushed about my love for this Ceratopsian in the past, but it's worth mentioning again how freaking cool it looks.
This bust is really gorgeous. It's hand sculpted and painted by the artist, and I would kill a man to have it in my grubby hands. It does have the option to come unpainted for a little cheaper, but I'm pretty sure I'd botch any type of paint job. I have zero skill in that department. It'd end up looking like a toddler scribbled on  very nice piece of art and I'd probably have to kill myself.

I'm a pro at pining for stunning works of art though. 

I love how detailed it is, especially the frill, and how he kept the red theme from Julius Csotonyi's painting. Simply amazing.

4.) Trilobite Plushie from PaleoGirl Crafts ---- $43



HOW ADORABLE IS THIS GUY??

I cannot get over how fluffy and sweet his little face is. Yes, ok...this isn't a dinosaur but good lord do I love Trilobites. 
As soon as this brilliant woman is taking commissions again, we're having a conversation about a Tiktaalic....

5.) These ridiculous as fuck dinosaur heels  ---- $260



Because I'm a lady with refined taste and class.
Plus, those are totally the same T-rex toys I have and their jaws open and close. That's just fancy.

6.) Custom Baby Raptor Sculpture ---- $70



This is so beyond cute. Not only can this sweet little dude look however you want, but he is all curled up like he's fresh from his egg. I want to snuggle him! 

It's always cool to see dinosaurs in different poses besides roaring, fighting or charging. Don't get me wrong, those are all awesome, but I do love seeing babies and sleeping dinosaurs too.
It makes them feel like real animals, which they were, and not mythical monster-beasts.

Either way, this guy is fantastic and I need an orange one in my life one day.

Side note, I wish they had feathers. :C

7.) Baby Raptor Blind Box by Rebor -- ~$5 for one or ~$40 for the full set



Two baby raptor things!? So neat, right?!

I don't think these guys are available stateside. The only place I could find them is at everythingdinosaur.com, and everything is in Euros. 
They're cute as hell little blind boxes that come in different colors. I really adore all of them and per Rebor style, always pretty and well detailed. I really hope they come across the pond and pop up at something local.

Looking at you, GameStop and ThinkGeek. Don't fail me.

8.)  Dimorphodon Judy and Punch by Rebor ---- ~$45



Yet another amazing find and correct...they're also not dinosaurs.

I KNOW, CALM DOWN.

But c'mon...these come as a pair and they have names. I love them so much, and I love that Judy is in flight while Punch looks up lovingly at her. I'm not usually big on the flying reptiles -- I mean, I do think they're really neat, but they've never been my top favorites. These little dudes are just too cool and they'd look so good in the collection.
I guess I should give pterosaurs more love.

I think most people will recognize those pterosaurs from Jurassic World as the "trex head flying dinosaur hybrid", to which I say, get the fuck off my blog you filthy peasant they're actually real animals and not hybrid.

I had a conversation with a coworker a couple months ago involving this creature, and it amazed me that he thought they were one of the genetic experiments. In looking up the information about it, because I'm not as well depth in pterosaurs, Dimorphodons are commonly searched for as "the trex flying dino from Jurassic World". 
To be fair, I only knew about them because I watch a lot of dinosaur documentaries and I remembered them from one of of the many that were on Netflix (grumble, grumble), so I'm not acting like I'm so snooty jerk.
Well...I kinda am. More people should watch dinosaur stuff, damnit!!

9.) Feathered T-rex toy from Collecta --- $25 (though I've seen it go for like $70)



That's right! Finally a feathered T-rex!! 

This toy just came out and my god I want it. You don't see not naked T-rex toys ever, so when this one hit the market, it started to sell out right away. 
I love the color pallet of this dinosaur and the feathers looks so cool. I'm glad to see model companies starting to embrace scientifically accurate dinosaurs these days. 

It warms my heart. 


10.) New Papo dinosaurs: Baryonyx and feathered Velociraptor ---- ~$26/each




MOAR FEATHERS!!

I just recently learned abut Baryonyx, and this dinosaur is so strangely cool looking that he's slowly becoming a new favorite. I'm also just tickled as hell about the raptor having feathers, because I'm yet again being a snobby asshole about things.

I really like the Papo line and I think they're going to stay at the top of my list. All of their toys are so incredibly detailed and often in the coolest poses. Very lifelike in the smallest details, and they pick the coolest dinosaurs to make toys out of. 
I only have the one Papo toy, my beloved Dimetrodon, and I always loved how his skin folds a little where his body is turning. 

It's the little thing that makes this toy company so damn good. That and they're fairly cheap and stateside, which is nice. 

Side note, the raptor isn't out yet, but the Baryonyx is. 


11.) Dinosaur Hair Clips from ThinkGeek --- $15



Because, again, I'm a lady with sophisticated class and taste. 

Cute, colorful, and sticking with the classics. You can't go wrong!
Plus, they'll go great with those freaking heels and the next item too.

12.) Double sided velociraptor necklace --- $22



Cause....cause orange and skeleton. :3

13.) T-rex shower head --- $20



Nothing says shower time quite like a roaring dinosaur skull vomiting steaming hot water at your face.
You can pick the color you want, which means it'll fit any theme for your bathroom and guys let's face it...can you really go back to your normal, not T-rex shower head now that you know this exists?

No. No you can't.


And the grand finale: 



14.) Raptor Body Pillow --- $50




Your wifu got nothing on my raptor. 

I need this guy to live next to my Souji Okita and I need to snuggle with it SO BAD. This is just too ridiculous not to have. I love that he's on the bed sheet background, I love that he's smiling, I love that he has feathers.

I just. Plain. Love it.

- M


Sunday, March 27, 2016

Easter Dinosaur!


Cuter than the Easter bunnie





Since today is Easter, I figured it was totally relevant to post about one of my favorite weird looking dinosaurs who's name is very fitting for the occasion.
Originally found in the Gobi desert during one of Roy Chapman Andrew's expeditions in 1924, this odd looking beak face was thought to have been found fossilized during the act of stealing Protoceratops eggs from a nest.
Oviraptor, or "egg thief" was named after this apparent crime, and it wasn't until 1993 when the eggs it was "stealing" were actually Oviraptor eggs! Poor guy had a bad wrap for a really long time.

Side note, I plan on doing a full post about Roy Chapman Andrews in the future, because this guy is one of the most interesting people I've ever had the pleasure of reading about. I learned about him in a paleontology course a couple years back, and was described to me as a "real life Indiana Jones", so naturally it sparked a curiosity. I ended up picking up his autobiography Under a Lucky Star not too soon after that and enjoyed the hell out of it.
In a nutshell, this guy traveled across the Gobi desert in a caravan when the desert was still a bandit infested wasteland. It was like Mad Max but with 1920's explorers and rifles.
Pretty damn cool.

Oviraptor is a weird looking therapod dinosaur that reminds me of a mutated ostrich. It's beak is a oddly shaped, which reinforced it's egg eating habits during it's original discovery. Because of it's odd curve, paleontologists at the time thought it used it to crack eggs.
Most of the artist depictions of Oviraptor show it with feathers, so I did some digging on what exactly has been found as far as feathers on these creatures. I don't see any concrete findings on feather imprints being found for this animal, but the leading theory is that Oviraptor would have "brooded"
over its nest like how modern birds do.
The nest found with the fossil remains of the creature was kind of like a dug out pit with the eggs in the middle. They think Oviraptor sat on the eggs and covered it with it's body and arm feathers to keep them warm and protected. I would assume, and this is based on my own guess here, that these creatures probably paired like how modern birds do, one to sit on the eggs while the other went for food.
There was only one skeleton found with this nest cache through, so that's not very certain. Though there was an article posted in Time talks about a pair of Oviraptor skeletons who died together from a what was probably a landslide, that apparently seem to be a set of male and female. They've been nicknamed "Romeo and Juliet", which is sweet I guess, but there were no eggs found with them. I assume they were paired together and not fighting or something.
It makes sense they'd pair, because if those eggs were left out like that, actual egg thieves would come by and snag them in a quick hurry.
Since it's theorized that Oviratpr had feathers, most of the art found for Oviraptor shows it as a colorful peacock with awesome feathers splayed across its long tail. I love it!


Oviraptor lived during the late Cretaceous, about 75 million years ago in what is now Mongolia. This big bird like dinosaur stood about 5 feet tall and weighed probably about 100 pounds. Big but not giant by any means.
It also had a cool crest on top of its head which was probably used for mating displays or warding off predators. Again, that's my own guess, but typically when crested dinosaurs that's the running theory, as that's what modern birds use theirs for.

These odd looking birdy dinosaurs are  a niche favorite with a couple toys and products available, which are totally going on my dinosaur wishlist. I'm still in the process of putting a very epic product list together for a big post. I'll have to snag one of these damn plushies soon, because it's kind of the most adorable things.
You can get this cutie at everythingdinosaur.com!

I hope you're having a great Easter and found a new favorite dinosaur to admire. I'm going to stop in on my way to work and find some discounted chocolate bunnies or Reese's Eggs to munch on.

Happy egg day!

-M

Saturday, March 26, 2016

Richard Dawkins turns 75!

Happy Birthday Richard Dawkins!


I wanted to make a post about Richard Dawkins, because not only is he one of my heroes, he's also a brilliant evolutionary biologist who does amazing work in science communication and helping the general public understand a very complicated concept. 
I've put together a list of my favorite books of his with a link to buy them, some links to my favorite clips and shows with Dawkins and a link to his foundation as well.
I ended up going on a bit of a ride in talking about how I found Dawkins's work and why I like it, so I'll put that at the bottom if anyone cares to read my word vomit.

Go learn something new today! You get bonus points if you use the phrase, "Science works, bitches" at least once today. :D

Books by Richard Dawkins:

  • An Appetite for Wonder
    • On sale for Kindle for $1.99!! 
  • The Greatest Show on Earth: Evidence for Evolution **my personal favorite
  • Magic of Reality ** also a favorite
  • The Selfish Gene
  • Ancestor's Tale
  • Out of Eden
  • The Blind Watchmaker
  • God Delusion


The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science


From the website:

Dear Friend,
The mission of the Richard Dawkins Foundation is to promote scientific literacy and a secular worldview. Some might see this as two distinct missions: 1) Teaching the value of science, and 2) Advancing secularism.
Yes, those are my foundation’s goals. You will not be surprised to learn that my personal priority is science as one of the highest and most aesthetically rewarding achievements of the human spirit.
But permit me to trace the connection between science and the other preoccupation of my foundation, the advancement of secularism. I see those goals as interrelated and mutually reinforcing.
You are well familiar with the existential challenges of global climate change and unsustainable population growth facing mankind and the planet. Of all the forces opposing an evidence-based response, religion is the most active — and it is especially strong in America.
Religious extremism not only interferes with the advance of science but with personal freedoms and human dignity, and not only in places where jihadists hold sway but in America as well, in areas such as access to contraception, LGBTQ rights and women’s equality.
Critical thinking is the real saviour of humankind. My foundation promotes respect for people who hold critical thinking as a cherished personal value and use it in day-to-day life.
The logical counter to religious extremism is people who rely on evidence to make decisions. Yet the voice of secular people is maligned in this country. Forty-five percent of Americans think you have to believe in God to be moral. Secular voices are considered immoral. They are not listened to on that basis.
We must counter this baseless hostility to allow the contributions of secular people in vital national debates to count. Making secular views and people welcome in politics and policy-making will advance human safety, security, health, achievement, prosperity and most of all, science.
Please accept my personal thanks for your interest in the foundation. If you agree with our mission, please consider becoming one of usIf you are already a member and supporter, thank you for standing with me.
My greatest hope is that together we can change society for the better.
Warmly,
Richard Dawkins


Shows, clips and various other fun things:






Word Vomit:


I was always one of those kids who was really into old dead stuff and ancient cultures. I always adored dinosaurs, ancient Egypt, mummies of all variety, fossils, and biology. I don't really remember if the theory of evolution was taught in biology or not, since I went to a Texas school there's a good chance it was lightly brushed over.
What I do know is that when I got the itch to learn more about Charles Darwin and evolution, it started a life long obsession. It didn't take long to realize how much yelling was coming from the other side, a very misinformed and delusional side of anti-science ignorance. I learned about "creationism" and people who took their religious texts as actual literal words from god and not stories. 
I had honestly never heard of that until I started looking into evolution. It blew my mind.
Naturally, this pushed me away from religion, which I didn't have a firm grasp on anyway. We were hardly a religious family, dad is a self proclaimed Catholic though he does not really practice it at all, and mom is just the vanilla "Christian" with no real labels attached. I think through my entire childhood, we went to church maybe five times.
Reading about the nonsense coming from the extreme end of the religious spectrum only widened the canyon between me and faith and pushed me closer to reason. Since it was evolution that drove me to question the shaky grounds of a belief in god, I started looking into just that: science vs religion. Naturally, you don't have to wade far into that ocean without bumping into Richard Dawkins and his work.
I remember getting my copy of The God Delusion as a gift from my then boyfriend now husband for Christmas several years later. I had been happily dancing on the heathen side of life as an anthropology major in college, diving head first into human evolution. I was no longer religious, but still had questions about the grand scheme of things. 
Now I can happily say, "I don't know" with extreme confidence. I am a proud atheist.

While Dawkins is best known for his hard stance against religion, (honestly a stance I share at this point, but that's a post for a different time) he is truly a brilliant evolutionary biology first an foremost. Beyond The God Delusion, his book The Greatest Show on Earth: Evidence for Evolution is one of my favorites. It's bright, colorful, lots of amazing pictures and easy to understand and witty dialog about just how and why evolution is true and all around us. I bought it day one, and it's still one of my treasures.
I own a copy of almost all of his work in one format or another, the newest addition being An Appetite for Wonder, which I snagged on sale. I've still yet to finish The Blind Watchmaker, as I remember it being a tad overwhelming at the time. So far, all the books I've read have been amazing works. Always informative and laced with that witty British charm we all know and love about Dr. Dawkins.

I doubt very highly that the 75 year old scientist will ever be in Texas, but I really hope one day he makes another round of book signing. He's recently had a stroke, so I know it's not going to be for some time, but I'll be heart broken if I never get to meet him.
Though, last time I met someone I admired, I didn't say a damn word. It'll probably be the same scenario if he ever was to come to my neck of the woods. I'd smile, mute, and just hold out a book to be signed. Maybe squeak out a timid "thank you" as I shuffle away.
I'm hopeless in front of my heroes. Star-struck is hardly the word. I loose all brain function.
I'm practically a blinking vegetable.

I was going to go on a bit longer, but I have to get ready for work so I'll wrap it up. If you've read through this and you're still hanging in there with me, you're probably one of my best friends who reads this as one of two of my only subscribers. Look at you being awesome.
I think my next post I'm going to talk about all the super cool dinosaur toys and models I've been pining for over the last couple months. Some really cool stuff has been released and I need a place to vent about how much I covet them.

Until then.

-M










Wednesday, February 24, 2016

Eye bones


Strange Obsession with Bony Eye Rings




Ever one of those head-tilt ponders while staring at something that suddenly becomes very fascinating, all the while you're whispering in your head, "What the fuck is that?"
I'd like to call those puppy thoughts, because whatever you're staring at is just as interesting and thought provoking as an adorable baby dog trying to understand the noise coming out of that chew toy. With all your millions of years of evolution, you suddenly become reduced to a head-tilt, all the while your brain swimming with questions.

Anyone who enjoys looking at bones of dead things may have noticed these extremely odd and unique bony structures around the eyes of certain animals, almost resembling bony rings surrounding the eye socket. These odd, almost robotic looking rings are typically seen in reptiles and fish, but not mammals and crocodiles. I figured they had something to do with the eye function, like perhaps how they attached to the skull or had to do with how they focused the eye because of the camera lens like structure.
That was my guess, but I wasn't exactly right.

  • Sidetracked: Eye Evolution



Before diving too headlong into these weird eye adaptations, I think it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the evolution of the eye, because it is one of the most impressive organs to be forged through the ages. Often the weapon of creationists, the eye in all of it's complexity as been a beautiful enigma for scientists for centuries. The squishy, fluid balloons that sit in your skull have the power to drink in the world around you and flash the images to the wrinkled mess operating your body. How can something so amazing, so oddly specific in it's function come to be?

There's is a misused and misquoting piece of Darwin's Origin of Species that is often haphazardly tossed into arguments against and for evolution that is often brought up when it comes to the human eye:
To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree.
Plucked out of context, this sounds like Darwin helps the "designer" argument for the complexity of the eye, which is not at all how he viewed the subject.
If you want to check this yourself, you absolutely can in chapter five of Origin of Species, but the quote goes on as follows:

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be considered real. (Darwin 143-144)
 So, how did eyes evolve into the glorious, often beautiful, complex windows into the world? It's Okay To Be Smart did a series on evolution back in December called 12 Days of Evolution, which I've gushed lovingly about before.
In this particular episode, they go on to talk about the evolution of the eye from humble beginnings into the amazing variety ones sees today. I also very much recommend watching the amazing Neil DeGrasse Tyson's Cosmos, as he very eloquently talks about this process in his storytelling, magical narrative.

  • Eye bones: What the hell are they?



The bony structures are called Sclerotic Rings, and they are still somewhat of a mystery. The rings are apparently still found in modern day birds and fish, but the exact function of the rings is still debated. From the couple articles I looked through, it seems the rings most likely are for helping maintain the shape of the eye, especially for larger eyes of marine reptiles.
Some of the best examples of well preserved sclerotic rings are that of Ichthyosaurs, a large marine reptile that looks like a doe-eyed dolphin. In an article from UC Berkeley, a certain species of Ichthyosaur, Temnodontosaurus, had the largest eye ever recorded for any animal. These rings probably helped these massive eyes keep their shape and structural integrity.

Speaking of marine reptiles, I'm sure most people know about Mosasaurs from being the giant badass Shamu attraction from Jurassic World, but these guys also had some pretty impressive eye bones that have been heavily researched.
A team of researchers from Tokyo Gakugei University published an article on PLoS One about how they are using the rings to help classify species of Mosasaurs between one another. Since this is a peer reviewed scientific paper, it's pretty scientific term heavy and dry, but it's pretty fascinating to read.
Along with the common assumption that the rings had something to do with the maintaining the eye's shape, the rings may also have served as "providing the point of muscle insertions fr visual accommodation", like I had thought originally. Score one for me!
What I didn't know was that the rings also may correlate to whether or not dinosaurs were nocturnal, which is really interesting. I went hunting for the paper referenced in the PLoS One article about this claim, but it's unfortunately not available online. It's most likely one of those papers you have to pay for, which is a bummer. I'll keep digging around and maybe do another blog post when I can find more material on the subject, but the idea of nocturnal dinos sounds pretty cool.

From what I've gathered through my couple hours of poking around the internet on a whim, these unique eye bones, or Sclerotic Rings, still have some research to be done by much more brilliant minds that myself.
I think the next thing I want to dig into is going to be the purpose of sails on dinosaurs and other early life forms. I think the research for that is going to be about the same as the eye rings, a lot of great and strange ideas worth sorting through with the hopes of one of them making sense.
I also need to be a certain dinosaur to do research on and make a post about, and have a couple in mind I want to fan-girl out over. Maybe a monthly recap is in the future too.
We'll see.

Until then!

-M



Sources of my internet poking:

UC Berkeley article about giant eyed Ithyosaurs

PLoS One talking about Mosasaurs